Saturday, 19 January 2019

Visit Tasmania by self driving


Tasmania of size nearly twice of Taiwan, population only 515000 with 220,000  in Hobart at 2018. 

Tasmania still allow foreign international students to apply residence , Could moving  to or studying in Tasmania be your answer to permanent residency in Australia? | EMSA Australia
https://emsaus.com/tasmania-answer-permanent-residency/

Our group 10/1/19-17/1/19 Thursday to Thursday

Day one (Thursday)
 flied to Hobart and arrive  7.30 pm . Stayed downtown  overnight 
Day two (Friday)

Breakfast 7am to 8am
pick up by main group and 
Drive to Port Arthur and have lunch there; Tour around Port Arthur peninsula and drive back to farm house, at 1025 Lemont Rd. 

Day three (Saturday)
After breakfast drive to Hobart for the famous Salamanca Market Day. Cherries in season, and plenty of other interesting items available. Lunch at Hobart then tour the central Tasmania area. Drive to Mt Wellington  1271 m ; Cook Dinner at farm

Day four (Sunday)
Eastern Tasmania, Wineglass Bay, 200 km ;  the icon of the Freycinet area. Freycinet National Park 
Freycinet, which are famous for Oyster, seafood and scenery. 
Off Coles Bay Road , Freycinet Marine Farm;  Freycinet National Park,  Wine Glass Bay;  dinner at Zeps, Campbell Town, 7210. Nice 

Day five (Monday)
Drive to Longford , Woolmers Estate, 658 Woolmers Ln, Longford TAS 7301 , World Heritage ; World Heritage status in 2010, Convicts site. Operated at February 2018. 
Visit Bridestowe Lavender Estate, $10;  Launceston Cataract Gorge 

Day six (Tuesday)
Drive to Bruny Island,  take ferry,$38 per car, lunch at Get Shucked, to Lighthouse .

Day seven (Wednesday)
Drive to Oatlands , Callington Mill
Oatlands is considered to have the largest number of colonial sandstone buildings in any town in Australia, and many of them were built by convict labour. It is the largest town in the Southern Midlands Council area and is surrounded by rich agricultural land.

Oatlands is located 84 km north of Hobart and 115 km south of Launceston on the Midland Highway. At the 2016 census, Oatlands had a population of 683. Drive to Lake Sorell, lunch at Great Lakes. 

Day eight (Thursday)
After breakfast leave farm, as some of us will need to fly out early.  Scallop pie  in Hobart is a favourite , return our vehicles at Airport . 

Mean temperature around our area 8.7-21.7 Celsius in January. Mean rainfall 43mm.

Tasmania Self-drive Itineraries & Road Trips | Discover Tasmania

https://www.discovertasmania.com.au/what-to-do/self-drive



Sunday, 13 January 2019

Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet GCMG 赫德- 第一客卿






Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet GCMG (20 February 1835 – 20 September 1911) 赫德- 第一客卿

《风中客卿》第一集 大清海关第一人 | CCTV纪录
https://youtu.be/js1cdVSZptg

Bill

Sir Robert Hart, (20 February 1835 – 20 September 1911) was a British diplomat and official in the Qing Chinese government, serving as the second Inspector-General of China's Imperial Maritime Custom Service (IMCS) from 1863 to 1911. Beginning as a student interpreter in the consular service, he arrived in China at the age of 19 and resided there for 54 years, except for two short leaves in 1866 and 1874.[1]

Hart joined the Chinese  Customs in 1859, and 2013 marks the 150th anniversary of his formal appointment to the Inspector-Generalship. He was a Chinese civil servant, and never let the foreign nationals of his own staff forget this point, and he worked consistently to try and fashion structures and practices that would reduce the potential for tension between China and the foreign powers.  Hart’s reputation has varied over the years. In Anglophone historical writing in the 1950s-60s he was presented as fairly central to any understanding of China’s interaction with foreign power, but thereafter new scholarly trends explored different fields and approaches and he largely fell out of sight. In China, until relatively recently, he was viewed simply as an agent of foreign, principally British, imperialism.

Hart and his legacies, including his archive at Queens’ University Belfast Special Collections, its photographic records, can help furnish unique materials for understanding China’s modern history, its heritage, and social life and customs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Robert_Hart,_1st_Baronet


Robert Hart | British Inter-University China Centre
https://www.bicc.ac.uk/tag/robert-hart/

The I. G. in Peking : letters of Robert Hart, Chinese Maritime Customs, 1868-1907 / edited by John King Fairbank, Katherine Frost Bruner, Elizabeth MacLeod Matheson

Hart was born in a little house in Ulster, Ireland. He was the eldest of 12 children of Henry Hart (1806–1875), In 1853, he gained his B.A. at the age of 18. He also won medals in Literature as well as in Logic and Metaphysics, and left with the distinction of being a Senior Scholar. He decided to study for a master's degree but in spring 1854 was instead nominated by Queen's College for the Consular Service in China.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Robert_Hart,_1st_Baronet

赫德,字鹭宾,英国贝尔法斯特人(实为阿马郡波特唐镇人)。1854年(咸丰四年)来到中国,担任英国驻宁波领事馆翻译官,后调往广州,又曾担任香港总督府秘书。1859年改任(满清政府)粤海关副税务司。1861年,总税务司李泰国(Horatio Nelson Lay)奉命(赴英国)采购战舰,由赫德代理职务,其间赴长江各新开口岸设置海关。1864年(同治三年)建立台湾南、北新关,并改驻京城(北京),获加封为按察使。1869年晋升为布政使,并赴沿海地区设置导航灯塔。1876年(光绪二年)协助签订中英《烟台条约》。1884年,到金陵(今南京)与法国大使商讨解决中法越南冲突。后(1885年),英国任命赫德为英国驻大清兼驻朝鲜王国大使,但赫德拒绝。过年后,清廷赏赫德花翎和双龙二等第一宝星。
1886年,赫德赴香港、澳门与英、葡

1900年八国联军攻入京师,赫德参与议和,获晋升为太子少保。1902年奉召入宫觐见王室,获赐字。1905年,赫德与德国使节商议修订《会订青岛设关征税办法》,改行无税区法规,又寻求与日本使节比照胶海关设置,共同筹备设置大连湾新海关。1907年,赫德于东三省(黑龙江、吉林、辽宁)测量土地,设置海关。过年后(1908年),赫德因病,请准清廷离华返英,清廷加封尚书头衔。
1854 年以来,赫德始终长居中国,只有在 1866 年和 1878 年两次归国省亲。不过进入 1907 年,他的日子变得相当难过:多年助手和密友金 登干病逝,正在推行新政的清政府则打算收回关税管理权。赫德本人多年来饱受背痛和关节问题困扰,与子女关系也不睦。这年冬天,这个 72 岁的老人上书朝 廷要求请长假,获得了批准。1908 4 13 日,赫德乘火车离京,人们在他的办公室里找到一张纸条,上面写着:上午 7 时,鹭宾赫德走了。他再 也没能回国销假,于 1911 9 20 日病逝在白金汉郡家中。20 天后,武昌起义爆发,清王朝轰然崩塌。江海关为纪念他们的领袖,在 1914 年为赫德打造 了那尊著名的铜像,这个低头含胸的英国人在九江路继续 1942 年,被对英宣战的日军拆毁熔化。它在中国只存在了 28 年,比现实中的赫德还要短。




來源:網絡

赫德曾司掌中华帝国海关 48 年之久,使这个新机构始终维持廉洁高效的运转,并把邮政、灯塔和海底电缆引入中国;赫德还是自强运动的要角,以《局外旁观论》等见解影响和诱导了清政府在军事、外交领域的变革,于同光中兴不无贡献。

然而对这个精通中文、喜爱东方音乐的洋和尚来说,客卿身份既是平步青云的基石,也时时带来困扰。对内,赫德以中国人民的同胞自居, 以其专业知识与职业态度服务于清政府,获得驯顺近礼的称赞;但他也深深卷入清末复杂的政局,试图为己寻租,被李鸿章目为阴鸷而专权,怙势而自尊 小人加以提防。

中國歷史上不乏客卿。元明以來,就有馬可‧波羅、龍華民、鄧玉函、利瑪竇、湯若望、南懷仁諸人。但真正為中國政府長期聘用,有職有權,對中國政治、經濟、文化起了舉足輕重影響的,則非19世紀來華、掌控中國海關幾近半個世紀的鷺賓‧赫德(Robert Hart1835—1911)莫屬,是為中國第一客卿。


https://baike.baidu.com/item/中国第一客卿:鹭宾·赫德传

他几乎大半生都生活在中国,育有三名婚生子女,还有三名私生子女。他长期挣扎于平衡工作与家庭生活当中。
那是西方列强称霸中国的年代。
而在他死后100年的今天,阿马郡(County Armagh)故乡的人几乎都把他忘掉。


赫德,字鹭宾——几乎被北爱尔兰乡亲遗忘的晚清海关重臣 - BBC News 中文http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/uk-46192289


Tuesday, 1 January 2019

Jesus would have studied Buddhism in a Buddhist monastery in the Himalayas

Jesus would have studied Buddhism in a Buddhist monastery in the Himalayas


In Jesus' time Buddhism was already five hundred years old and had spread from India, east to southeast Asia, north to central Asia. Jesus would also been a Buddhist, and not all scholars are convinced that Jesus of Nazareth was born in Bethlehem. Only two of the four Gospels mention his birth, and they provide diverging accounts: the traditional manger and shepherds in Luke. 

During Jesus' time, Judea was a Roman dominion and most of the trade was Roman; non-Jewish political and cultural influences permeated Judea, which was an important shipping center for trade between India and the West and the military gateway to invade Egypt via land. 

In 1887, a Russian war correspondent, Nicolas Notovitch, claimed that while at the Hemis Monastery in Ladakh, he had learned of the document "Life of Saint Issa, Best of the Sons of Men" – Isa being the Arabic name of Jesus in Islam.
However , Donald Lopez, professor of Buddhist studies at the University of Michigan, describes dozens of factual errors in Notovitch’s book. Lopez believes the development of now-discredited race theories forced bigoted Christians to confront the fact that Jesus was a Semite. Placing Christ in Asia was a nifty anti-Semitic loophole, in which Lopez  said that Jesus, as a young man, wasn’t “in a synagogue,”, “but in a Buddhist monastery in the Himalayas.”

The Jesus Seminar  had voted that Jesus was an itinerant sage who shared meals with social outcasts.

Bill 


Jesus Was A Buddhist Monk (BBC Documentary)

https://youtu.be/xY0Ib3aPG6Y

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus

It is said that Jesus was also a Buddhist, especially during his so-called "lost years." 

During Jesus' time, Judea was a Roman dominion and most of the trade was Roman; non-Jewish political and cultural influences permeated Judea, which was an important shipping center for trade between India and the West and the military gateway to invade Egypt via land. Both land and sea trade routes had run through Jerusalem for centuries. Overland routes extending to Persia and western India were especially active after Alexander's invasion of western India 360 years earlier; most of the routes, whether connecting to wealthy cities in Egypt or in Greece and Rome, came through Jerusalem, where goods for Greece and Rome were shipped via the Mediterranean Sea.

In Jesus' time Buddhism was already five hundred years old and had spread from India, east to southeast Asia, north to central Asia, and west to the Middle East.  After Alexander's eastern conquests, the great India ruler Ashoka, according to Will Durant's account, "sent Buddhist missionaries to all parts of India and Ceylon, even to Syria, Egypt and Greece, where, perhaps, they helped prepare for the ethics of Christ." (1) Furthermore, Max Muller stated that missionaries also were sent more than thirty years prior to Ashoka's reign: "That remarkable missionary movement, beginning in 300 BCE, sent forth a succession of devoted men who spent their lives in spreading the faith of the Buddha over all parts of Asia." (2) Philo noted the presence of Buddhists in Alexandria, Egypt. (3) 

The Bible makes no mention of where the young Jesus lived. In Matthew (2:23) and Mark (1:23), Jesus is called a "Nazarene" and in other documents a "Nazoraean." But the town of Nazarene was not mentioned in the Bible-related texts until some four hundred years CE. Nazarene probably refers to another Jewish sect, also known as the "Nazirites," involving John the Baptist and Jesus' brother James. In Acts 24:5, Paul is referred to as "the leader of the sect of Nazarenes." (8) 

Most accounts of Jesus in India derive from a book titled The Unknown Life of Jesus Christ, written by Nicholas Notovitch, a Russian doctor who claimed to visit the monastery of Himmis near Leh, Ladakh (Kashmir) in 1888. (10) Notovitch said that, in visiting the monastery, he reviewed written verses that described the presence there of Jesus known as "Issa." Other passages elaborate on Jesus' travels in India, his teachings, his acceptance of the Shudras and other untouchables, and his conflicts with the Brahmans and the Zoroastrian priests of Persia. Jesus supposedly arrived in India at the age of fourteen and returned to Judea at the age of twenty-nine. (11) 

When appearing in 1894, Notovitch's account became immediately and widely controversial. Christian churches denounced it as a hoax. The British Church Mission in India employed a professor to find and bury the documents described by Notovitch. The Anglican Church commissioned the services of F. Max Muller, the great German scholar who taught at Oxford. Muller dismissed it, largely by challenging the two main sources, namely a book of fourteen chapters and another document titled Nath Namavali preserved by the Saddhus of Yoga Nath. Muller also cited an interview of the Himmis monastery's abbot who insisted that no documents about Jesus existed and that Notovitch never visited there. (12) 

thezensite: Was Jesus a Buddhist?
http://www.thezensite.com/non_Zen/Was_Jesus_Buddhist.html


 If Jesus did not go to India, then at least went to Judea. The real historical question is not if he studied Buddhism, but where and how much he studied Buddhism,

Was Jesus not Oriental ? 
Asians remade Jesus, at times appreciatively and at other times critically. R. S. Sugirtharajah demonstrates how Buddhist and Taoist thought, combined with Christian insights, led to the creation of the Chinese Jesus Sutras of late antiquity, and explains the importance of a biography of Jesus composed in the sixteenth-century court of the Mughal emperor Akbar. He also brings to the fore the reconstructions of Jesus during the Chinese Taiping revolution, the Korean Minjung uprising, and the Indian and Sri Lankan anti-colonial movements.

Jesus in Asia — R. S. Sugirtharajah | Harvard University Press
http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674051133

During the colonial period in India, Hindu reformers relentlessly reminded the missionaries that Jesus was, as Rammohun Roy put it, an “Asiatic.”  Keshub Chunder Sen in his Calcutta Town Hall lectures used to harangue the Europeans with his stirring oratory: "I am an Asiatic, was not Jesus an Asiatic?". Swami Vivekananda reminded the Western Christians that with all their "attempts to paint him with blue eyes and brown hair, the Nazarene was still an oriental."

The author summarily and inextricably links Western missions and missionaries to the imposition of the colonising culture on indigenous people. Yet not a few missionaries, at least on the Indian subcontinent, continue to be held in high esteem for their study of indigenous language and culture, and for the integrity of their lives.
Further, some of Sugitharajah’s thinkers were themselves converts who fervently received and interpreted Jesus in their respective situations. If, as he argues, the quest for the historical Jesus “seems in a way to be a futile enterprise”, and Asian Christology must be taken as seriously as Western Christology, this entails recognising a confessional approach to spreading the gospel. But he rightly rejects any willingness to employ religion and mission as handmaids of the imperial power and sectarian interests.
Sugitharajah’s selection of subjects is open to the criticism that it is unrepresentative. Christians from India will miss a discussion of the repositories of thinking about Jesus over many centuries on the west coast of India, in particular, and any attention to Jesus as he finds voice in Dalit theology. Discussion of the latter would bring to the fore the wide experience of Jesus as the divine liberator who casts aside untouchability.

Jesus in Asia
R. S. Sugirtharajah


The Jesus Seminar was a group of about 50 critical Biblical scholars and 100 laymen founded in 1985 by Robert Funk that originated under the auspices of the Westar Institute.[1] [2]  The Jesus Seminar - the purpose to decide their collective view of the historicity of the deeds and sayings of Jesus of Nazareth

The seminar was very active through the 1980s and 1990s, and into the early 21st century.

According to the Jesus Seminar:


Early in the 21st century, another group called the "Acts Seminar" was formed by some previous members to follow similar approaches to biblical research.[2]
In March 2006, the Jesus Seminar began work on a new description of the emergence of the Jesus traditions through the first two centuries of the common era (CE). In this new phase, fellows of the Jesus Seminar on Christian Origins employ the methods and techniques pioneered by the original Jesus Seminar.[71]

Jesus Seminar - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Seminar

The Church of the Nativity is the oldest Christian church still in daily use, but not all scholars are convinced that Jesus of Nazareth was born in Bethlehem. Only two of the four Gospels mention his birth, and they provide diverging accounts: the traditional manger and shepherds in Luke; the wise men, massacre of children, and flight to Egypt in Matthew. Some suspect that the Gospel writers located Jesus’ Nativity in Bethlehem to tie the Galilean peasant to the Judaean city prophesied in the Old Testament as the birthplace of the Messiah.

What Archaeology Is Telling Us About the Real Jesus
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/12/jesus-tomb-archaeology/

Jesus the Man: New Interpretations from the Dead Sea Scrolls
Author  -  Barbara Thiering
The central thesis of the book is that "Jesus was the leader of a radical faction of Essene priests. He was not of virgin birth. He did not die on the Cross. He married Mary Magdalene, fathered a family, and later divorced. He died sometime after AD 64".[2] From the New Testament gospels and Dead Sea Scrolls, Thiering constructs a new history of early Christianity which she contends was hidden in pesher coding. Thiering finds that the biography of Jesus hidden in the New Testament shows him to have been born in Qumran, an Essene community beside the Dead Sea, in March, 7 BC.

Jesus the Man - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_the_Man

The Real Jesus—the first book to challenge the findings of the Jesus Seminar, the controversial group of two hundred scholars who claim Jesus only said 18 percent of what the Gospels attribute to him—"is at the center of the newest round in what has been called the Jesus Wars" (Peter Steinfels, New York Times). Drawing on the best biblical and historical scholarship, respected New Testament scholar Luke Timothy Johnson demonstrates that the "real Jesus" is the one experienced in the present through faith rather than the one found in speculative historical reconstructions.

Review
"In the best of the recent flow of books [on Jesus]...Johnson offers a devastating critique of those scholars who prefer their own reconstructed Jesus to the one attested in the New Testament." -- Newsweek 

"Luke Timothy Johnson calls the bluff of the Jesus Seminar and other purveyors of trendy 'historical Jesus' marketing hype. This timely book offers an engaging account of what serious historical scholarship can--and cannot--say about the Jesus of history. Johnson refocuses the debate by posing fundamental questions about the relation between history, tradition, and faith." (Richard B. Hays, Duke Divinity School, author of The Moral Vision of the New Testament)

The Author - Luke Timothy Johnson is Robert W. Woodruff Professor of the New Testament and Christian Origins at the Candler School of Theology, Emory University. A Roman Catholic, Johnson was a Benedictine monk and priest before becoming a biblical scholar. He is the author of several scholarly books and has written for Commonwealth and Christian Century.


The Jesus Sutras are early Chinese language manuscripts blending Taoist, Buddhist, and Christian teachings. 
Sutra on the Origin of Origins (大秦景教宣元本經; Dàqín jǐng jiào xuānyuán běn jīng); now held in Osaka, Japan, by Kyōu Shooku library, Tonkō-Hikyū Collection, manuscript no. 431. An inscribed pillar discovered in Luoyang in 2006 supplements the incomplete version from Dunhuang. Kojima manuscript B (大秦景教宣元至本經, Dàqín jǐng jiào xuānyuán zhi běn jīng, last known to be in the Dōshisha University library, Kyoto, in 1963) was at one time thought to be the conclusion of this work; see below ref. to Kazuo Enoki, p.68.

Jesus Sutras - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Sutras

Friday, 21 December 2018

查良鏞先生〈談「色蘊」〉


朋友傳來查良鏞先生〈談「色蘊」〉,抄了一些体會,套用宋人王禹 「昨日鄰家乞新火,晓窗分與讀書燈。」請各位交流指教。


該文在《內明》雜誌上連續刊登了七期的長篇論文,寫於1977年,全文57大頁,差不多可篇成一本小書了。此文既說明原始佛教的「色蘊」是指身體而不是泛指物質,也論述了很多有關「色」的基本概念及其在小乘部派及瑜伽行派的發展。有興趣的朋友可以自行閱讀、下載:


https://www.discuss.com.hk/viewthread.php?tid=12285857

人生到这世界上,死亡是不能摆脱的命运。最親爱的人要永远离开,他的身体要化为灰烬。
佛陀在菩提树下见到了解脱生命中一切痛苦的道理和方法,那就是佛法。
佛法的内容十分丰富,下面所说是最初步的道理。
「我」由五種物質與精神(五蘊)合組而成,只是短暫而偶然的產物,沒有持久、常住、永恒的東西。佛總結出人生的八大痛苦:生、老、病、死、愛別離、怨憎會、求不得、五蕴熾盛。世间有情悉皆是苦,有漏皆苦,即所谓苦諦

因为肉体是无常的。对人来说,无常就是痛苦。肉体自己不会思想,痛苦、忧虑、烦恼等等情绪,都是心理作用。

人的欲望从那里来?欲望由本能产生。

佛陀称本能为「无明」。「无明」就是没有明白真理。人一生下来,就认定了五蕴是我,天天为保持生命而挣扎。这场奋斗,不论如何竭尽全力,最后一定以失败告终。

佛家认为意识作用固然依附于生理组织,然而真正管理意识作用的器官不是物质,是看不见的东西,不属色蕴。

意识所接受到的东西是「法」,如佛法、法律、方法,以及道德、习惯、学问等。抽象东西都是法。「外六处」基本上都是外界的东西,只有「腹如雷鸣」、「腹痛如绞」,才是人身内部的。

但是关于「色蕴」的解释,佛教界的看法也不尽相同。
(第一个问题)色蕴是什么?
   佛说:是活人的肉体。
   五蕴论:是世界上的一切物质。
(第二个问题)「四大」是什么?
   佛说:四大是物质的性质。于物质本身(自性)佛不置一词。
   五蕴论:四大是物质元素,就是物质。
 (第五个问题)有没有精神性的「色」(无表色)?
   佛说:没有。
   五蕴论:有。
   (第六个问题)冷暖、饥渴、轻重等感觉,属于五蕴中的那一蕴?
   佛说:属识蕴。
   五蕴论:属色蕴。

这里所谓「佛说」,其实是「本文笔者自己以为的『佛说』」。阿含经中是不是有充分的证据来支持这样的理解?

阿含经谈论认识「色蕴非我」而得到解脱。(大乘经则谈如何而能得到与佛一样的正觉。般若系用的是「空、无相、无作」的方法,唯识系用的是「转识成智」的方法,真常系用的是「明心见性」的方法。方法不同,目标则一。


金庸先生80多岁去剑桥读书,先攻下硕士,又于2010年,以86岁高龄获剑桥大学博士学位。題目是 The imperial succession in early Tang China》,, Louis Cha金庸的博士论文,研究唐朝的宫廷政治。 金庸認為从唐太宗开始,到宋元明清,都是所谓枪杆里出政权,哪个人兵权在手,就是哪个人做皇帝。